如何避免药物使用途径的HIV感染

如何避免药物使用途径的HIV感染

停止使用注射药物及其他药物可以大大降低感染或传播HIV的风险。如果继续注射药物，务必使用无菌针头和设备，并且绝对不要与他人共用针头或其他注射工具。

如果你使用过他人曾使用过的针头或工具，并且那个人感染了HIV，你就处于极高的感染风险中。此外，当人们在吸毒后，可能会做出高风险的性行为，这也增加了感染或传播HIV的机会。

减少HIV感染的最佳方法是停止吸毒。尽管可能需要帮助来戒毒或减少药物使用，但有许多资源可以提供支持。可以与心理咨询师、医生或其他医疗提供者讨论药物滥用治疗。

如果你继续注射毒品，以下是一些降低感染HIV及其他疾病风险的方法：

1. 每次注射时都使用新的无菌针头和注射设备。许多社区设有针具交换项目，可以获得新的针头和设备，一些药店也可能无需处方出售针头。

2. 绝不共用针头或注射设备。

3. 如果无法获得新针头时，仅用漂白水清洗旧针头。漂白处理可以减少HIV感染的风险，但并不能完全消除这种风险。

4. 使用无菌水溶解毒品。

5. 在注射前使用新的酒精棉球清洁皮肤。

6. 小心不要让他人的血液沾到你的手或针头和注射设备上。

7. 使用后立即安全丢弃针头。使用锐器容器，或确保将用过的针头远离他人。

8. 每年至少进行一次HIV检测。

9. 咨询医生是否可以服用每日预防HIV的药物（称为暴露前预防药物，或PrEP）。

10. 避免在吸毒时发生性行为。如果发生性行为，确保每次都正确使用避孕套。

How to Avoid HIV Infection Through Drug Use

Stopping injection drug use and other forms of drug use can significantly reduce your chances of getting or transmitting HIV. If you continue injecting drugs, always use sterile needles and works, and never share needles or works with others.

You are at a very high risk for HIV if you use needles or works after someone who is HIV-positive has used them. Additionally, when people are under the influence of drugs, they are more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors, which increases the chance of getting or transmitting HIV.

The best way to reduce your risk of HIV is to stop using drugs. While it may be difficult to quit or reduce drug use, there are many resources available to help. Talk to a counselor, doctor, or other healthcare provider about substance abuse treatment options.

If you continue injecting drugs, here are steps you can take to lower your risk of HIV and other infections:

1. Use only new, sterile needles and works each time you inject. Many communities have needle exchange programs where you can get new needles and works, and some pharmacies may sell needles without a prescription.

2. Never share needles or works.

3. Clean used needles with bleach only if you cannot get new ones. Bleaching a needle may reduce the risk of HIV but does not eliminate it completely.

4. Use sterile water to prepare drugs.

5. Clean your skin with a new alcohol swab before injecting.

6. Be careful not to get someone else’s blood on your hands, needle, or works.

7. Dispose of needles safely after one use. Use a sharps container or keep used needles away from others.

8. Get tested for HIV at least once a year.

9. Ask your doctor about taking daily HIV prevention medicine (pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP).

10. Don’t have sex while under the influence of drugs. If you do have sex, use a condom the right way every time.