是否要把HIV阳性的结果告诉他人？

伴侣

告诉你的性伴侣你是HIV阳性是非常重要的，即使你感到不舒服。与伴侣沟通你的HIV状态可以让你们采取措施，保护你们双方的健康。随着你越来越习惯于告诉他人你的HIV状态，沟通会变得更加容易。

如果你对告知伴侣感到紧张，或者担心遭遇威胁或伤害，你可以请医生或当地公共卫生部门代为通知伴侣他们可能已暴露于HIV。这种做法被称为“伴侣通知服务”。卫生部门不会透露你的姓名，只会告知你的伴侣他们已经暴露于HIV，应该接受检测。

在许多州，如果你是HIV阳性，法律要求你在与性伴侣发生性行为（包括肛交、阴道交或口交）之前，或者在与吸毒伙伴分享针具之前，必须告知对方你的HIV阳性状态。如果不告知，有些州会认为这是犯罪行为，即使伴侣没有因此感染。

家庭和朋友
大多数情况下，除非你主动告诉他们，否则你的家人和朋友不会知道你的HIV检测结果。尽管告诉家人你是HIV阳性可能很困难，但你应该知道，公开HIV状态实际上有很多好处。研究表明，告诉别人你是HIV阳性的人，治疗效果通常比那些没有公开的人要好。

如果你未满18岁，一些州允许你的医疗提供者在认为这样做符合你的最佳利益时，告知你的父母你接受过HIV相关服务。

Partners
It is important to disclose your HIV status to your sexual partners, even if you're uncomfortable doing so. Communicating with each other about your HIV status allows both of you to take steps to protect your health. The more practice you have in disclosing your status, the easier it becomes.

If you're nervous about disclosing your status or if you fear being threatened or harmed, you can ask your doctor or local health department to notify your partner that they may have been exposed to HIV. This is called partner notification services. Health departments will not disclose your name, only informing your partner that they have been exposed to HIV and should get tested.

In many states, laws require you to disclose your HIV-positive status to your sexual partners before engaging in sexual activities (anal, vaginal, or oral) or before sharing needles or injecting drugs with them. In some states, failure to disclose your HIV status could result in criminal charges, even if your partner does not become infected.

Family and Friends
In most cases, your family and friends will not know your HIV status unless you choose to tell them. While it may seem difficult to disclose your HIV status to your family, it is important to know that disclosure can have many benefits. Studies show that people who disclose their HIV status typically respond better to treatment than those who keep it secret.

If you are under 18, some states allow your healthcare provider to inform your parents that you have received HIV-related services if they believe it is in your best interest.