HIVh和STD有关吗？

HIV与性传播疾病（STD）有关吗？

是的，感染其他性传播疾病（STD）会增加感染或传播HIV的风险。

如果你感染了其他性传播疾病，你更有可能感染或将HIV传播给他人。一些常见的性传播疾病包括淋病、衣原体感染、梅毒、滴虫病、人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）、生殖器疱疹和肝炎。唯一确认自己是否患有性传播疾病的方法是接受检测。如果你是性活跃的人，建议你和你的伴侣定期进行性传播疾病检测（包括HIV检测，如果你是HIV阴性的话），即使没有症状。

如果你是HIV阴性，但感染了其他性传播疾病，那么如果你与HIV阳性的人发生无保护性行为，你感染HIV的可能性大约是没有感染性传播疾病的人的三倍。性传播疾病增加感染HIV的概率有两种方式。首先，如果性传播疾病引起皮肤刺激（例如梅毒、疱疹或人乳头瘤病毒），皮肤的破损或溃疡会让HIV更容易通过性接触进入身体。即使是不会引起皮肤破损或开放性溃疡的性传播疾病（例如衣原体、淋病、滴虫病），也会通过引起炎症，增加HIV可以攻击的细胞数量，从而增加感染HIV的风险。

如果你是HIV阳性并且还感染了其他性传播疾病，那么你通过性接触传播HIV的风险大约是其他HIV阳性人的三倍。这种情况似乎是因为感染其他性传播疾病的HIV阳性患者在精液和生殖器液体中HIV的浓度更高。

Is HIV Related to Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)?

Yes. Having another sexually transmitted disease (STD) can increase the risk of getting or transmitting HIV.

If you have another STD, you’re more likely to get or transmit HIV to others. Some of the most common STDs include gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, trichomoniasis, human papillomavirus (HPV), genital herpes, and hepatitis. The only way to know for sure if you have an STD is to get tested. If you’re sexually active, you and your partners should get tested for STDs (including HIV if you’re HIV-negative) regularly, even if you don’t have symptoms.

If you are HIV-negative but have an STD, you are about 3 times as likely to get HIV if you have unprotected sex with someone who has HIV. There are two ways that having an STD can increase the likelihood of getting HIV. If the STD causes irritation of the skin (for example, from syphilis, herpes, or human papillomavirus), breaks or sores may make it easier for HIV to enter the body during sexual contact. Even STDs that cause no breaks or open sores (for example, chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis) can increase your risk by causing inflammation that increases the number of cells that can serve as targets for HIV.

If you are HIV-positive and also infected with another STD, you are about 3 times as likely as other HIV-infected people to spread HIV through sexual contact. This appears to happen because there is an increased concentration of HIV in the semen and genital fluids of HIV-positive people who also are infected with another STD.