是不是我的HIV阳性伴侣的病毒量决定了我感染的风险？

是不是我的HIV阳性伴侣的病毒量决定了我感染的风险？

是的，HIV阳性伴侣的病毒量越低，传播HIV的风险就越低。

病毒量是指HIV阳性者血液中HIV的数量。当病毒量非常低时，这种情况被称为病毒抑制。如果病毒量达到无法检测的程度，则称为“不可检测的病毒量”，即血液中的HIV数量低到无法测量。

通常，病毒量越高，传播HIV的可能性就越大。那些接受治疗并服用抗病毒药物，且病毒量非常低或不可检测的HIV阳性者，传播HIV的几率远低于那些病毒量较高的HIV阳性者。

然而，即使HIV阳性者的病毒量不可检测，他们仍然有可能通过性行为传播HIV，因为：

• HIV仍然可能存在于生殖液（精液、阴道分泌物）中。病毒量测试只测量血液中的病毒。

• HIV阳性者的病毒量可能会在两次检测之间上升，这时他们可能更容易传播HIV。

• 性传播疾病（STD）可能增加生殖液中的病毒量。

如果你是HIV阳性，接受治疗并正确、每日服用抗病毒药物（抗逆转录病毒治疗或ART），将大大提高你获得并保持病毒抑制的机会，帮助你活得更长、更健康，同时减少传播HIV的风险。

如果你是HIV阴性且有HIV阳性伴侣，鼓励伴侣接受治疗并服用抗病毒药物。

此外，采取其他措施，如每次性行为都正确使用安全套，或者如果你是HIV阴性，考虑每日服用预暴露预防药物（PrEP），可以进一步降低感染HIV的风险。

Does my HIV-positive partner’s viral load determine my risk of infection?

Yes, as an HIV-positive person’s viral load goes down, the chance of transmitting HIV goes down.

Viral load is the amount of HIV in the blood of someone who is HIV-positive. When the viral load is very low, it is called viral suppression. Undetectable viral load is when the amount of HIV in the blood is so low that it can’t be measured.

In general, the higher someone’s viral load, the more likely that person is to transmit HIV. People who have HIV but are in care, taking HIV medicines, and have a very low or undetectable viral load are much less likely to transmit HIV than people who have HIV and do not have a low viral load.

However, a person with HIV can still potentially transmit HIV to a partner even if they have an undetectable viral load because:

• HIV may still be found in genital fluids (semen, vaginal fluids). The viral load test only measures virus in blood.

• A person’s viral load may go up between tests. When this happens, they may be more likely to transmit HIV to partners.

• Sexually transmitted diseases increase viral load in genital fluids.

If you’re HIV-positive, getting into care and taking HIV medicines (called antiretroviral therapy or ART) the right way, every day will give you the greatest chance to get and stay virally suppressed, live a longer, healthier life, and reduce the chance of transmitting HIV to your partners.

If you’re HIV-negative and have an HIV-positive partner, encourage your partner to get into care and take HIV treatment medicines.

Taking other actions, like using a condom the right way every time you have sex or taking daily medicine to prevent HIV (called pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP) if you’re HIV-negative, can lower your chances of transmitting or getting HIV even more.