药物是否可以预防HIV

药物是否可以预防HIV

如果你处于非常高的HIV感染风险中（例如，性行为或注射毒品），每天服用HIV药物——称为暴露前预防（PrEP）——可以大大降低感染HIV的风险。你还可以结合其他策略来进一步降低感染风险。

联邦指南建议，PrEP应考虑用于HIV阴性且处于极高HIV风险的人群。这包括与HIV阳性伴侣有持续性关系的人群。以下人群也应考虑使用PrEP：

• 与最近检测为HIV阴性的伴侣没有保持互为单一伴侣关系的人；

• 男性同性恋者或双性恋者，过去6个月内有过无安全套肛交或被诊断为性传播疾病（STD）；

• 与男性和女性都有性接触的男性；

• 在与HIV状态不明且有较高感染HIV风险的伴侣发生性行为时，未定期使用安全套的异性恋者（例如，注射毒品者或有双性恋男性伴侣的女性）。

如果你曾在过去6个月内注射毒品，并且与他人共享针头或用具，或曾接受过毒品治疗，PrEP也是推荐的。

在中国，尽管目前PrEP的使用相对较低，但随着HIV感染者人数的增加和健康意识的提高，PrEP作为一种有效的预防手段在中国逐渐受到关注。中国的部分城市和机构已经开始试行PrEP，但其普及仍面临一些挑战，如药物获取难度和公众认知不足等。

如果你有HIV阳性伴侣并计划怀孕，建议与医生讨论是否使用PrEP，这可能有助于保护你和你的宝宝。

PrEP需要每日服药，并定期到医疗机构进行检查。

Can Medications Prevent HIV?

If you are at very high risk for HIV from sex or injecting drugs, taking HIV medicines daily, called pre-exposure prophylaxis (or PrEP), can greatly reduce your risk of HIV infection. You can combine additional strategies with PrEP to reduce your risk even further.

Federal guidelines recommend that PrEP be considered for people who are HIV-negative and at very high risk for HIV. This includes anyone who is in an ongoing sexual relationship with an HIV-positive partner. It also includes anyone who:

• Is not in a mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who recently tested HIV-negative, and

• Is a gay or bisexual man who has had anal sex without a condom or been diagnosed with an STD in the past 6 months;

• A man who has sex with both men and women; or

• A heterosexual man or woman who does not regularly use condoms during sex with partners of unknown HIV status who are at substantial risk of HIV infection (for example, people who inject drugs or women who have bisexual male partners).

PrEP is also recommended for people who’ve injected drugs in the past 6 months and have shared needles or works or been in drug treatment in the past 6 months.

In China, although the use of PrEP is relatively low, it is gaining attention due to the increasing number of HIV cases and the rise in public health awareness. Some cities and institutions in China have begun piloting PrEP, but its widespread adoption faces challenges, including access to the medication and a lack of public awareness.

If you have a partner who is HIV-positive and are considering getting pregnant, talk to your doctor about PrEP. It may be an option to help protect you and your baby.

PrEP involves daily medication and regular visits to a health care provider.